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Development and application of a random walk model of atmospheric diffusion in the emergency response

CHI Bing, LI Hong, FANG Dong

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第2期页码 195-201 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0025-7

摘要： Plume concentration prediction is one of the main contents of radioactive consequence assessment for early emergency response to nuclear accidents. Random characteristics of atmospheric diffusion itself was described, a random walk model of atmospheric diffusion (Random Walk) was introduced and compared with the Lagrangian puff model (RIMPUFF) in the nuclear emergency decision support system (RODOS) developed by the European Community for verification. The results show the concentrations calculated by the two models are quite close except that the plume area calculated by Random Walk is a little smaller than that by RIMPUFF. The random walk model for atmospheric diffusion can simulate the atmospheric diffusion in case of nuclear accidents, and provide more actual information for early emergency and consequence assessment as one of the atmospheric diffusion module of the nuclear emergency decision support system.

关键词： RODOS concentration prediction information nuclear RIMPUFF

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我国一次气溶胶和二次无机气溶胶大气年龄的时空分布特征 Article

Xiaodong Xie, Qi Ying, 张宏亮, 胡建林

《工程（英文）》 2023年第28卷第9期页码 117-129 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.03.013

摘要：

颗粒物的老化时间尺度是确定其对空气质量、人类健康和气候影响的关键参数。本研究使用年龄可分辨的社区多尺度空气质量模型CMAQ对我国一次和二次无机细颗粒物（PM_2.5）的年龄分布进行了为期一年的模拟。结果表明，一次PM_2.5（PPM）和铵盐主要来源于本地的新鲜排放，我国大部分地区约60%~80%集中在0~24 h年龄档。夏季，大多数地区的平均年龄约为15~25 h，但冬季，我国南部地区和四川盆地（SCB）的平均年龄增加到40~50 h。硫酸盐的大气年龄明显大于PPM，表明区域输送的贡献增加。在大多数地区和季节，大气年龄> 48 h的老化硫酸盐占硫酸盐总质量浓度的30%~50%。冬季SCB地区年龄> 96 h的硫酸盐浓度可达15 µg·m⁻³。长三角、珠三角和华南地区硫酸盐大气年龄的季节变化较大，冬季的平均年龄最高为60~70 h，夏季最低为40~45 h。夏季硝酸盐的平均年龄为20~30 h，冬季增加至40~50 h。夏季，气态硝酸的占比增加导致总硝酸的沉降速率的增大；同时，更强的大气氧化性加快了氮氧化物向硝酸盐的化学转化速率，从而导致夏季硝酸盐的大气年龄较低。此外，在污染天，大多数城市和季节中老化粒子（> 24 h）对PPM和二次无机气溶胶的贡献明显增加，这表明区域输送在重污染事件中发挥着至关重要的作用。本研究中基于年龄可分辨的CMAQ模型得到的PM_2.5年龄信息可以帮助政府部分制定有效的应急排放控制措施，有助于消除重污染天气。

关键词：大气年龄 PM_2.5 CMAQ模型控制措施

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Is atmospheric oxidation capacity better in indicating tropospheric O formation?

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1544-5

摘要：

● This study summarizes and evaluates different approaches that indicate O₃ formation.

关键词： O₃ AOC O₃ formation regime

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颗粒物面源模式计算方法

谷清,杨新兴,李云生

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第1期页码 41-44

摘要：

对颗粒物面源模式做了深入研究，确定了颗粒物粒子面源开始沉降的位置。颗粒物粒子在面源内部不考虑沉降问题，面源源块内颗粒物浓度等于单位面积污染物源强与地面反射系数之积除以地面风速。面源源块外面开始考虑粒子沉降，采用虚点源后置法，参考颗粒物点源的部分反射倾斜烟云模式，全面给出了面源的颗粒物模式。面源边缘浓度采用线性内插方法处理，以免计算结果不连续。面源中心点位置应该在水平x，y方向平移一个微小距离，以消除计算点和面源中心点重合的可能。

关键词：大气环境颗粒物面源模式计算方法

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A new prediction method of industrial atmospheric pollutant emission intensity based on pollutant emission

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1608-1

摘要：

● Established a quantification method of pollutant emission standard.

关键词： Industrial atmospheric pollutants Pollutant emission standards Quantitative method Machine learning Single enterprise

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A review of atmospheric mercury emissions, pollution and control in China

Shuxiao WANG,Lei ZHANG,Long WANG,Qingru WU,Fengyang WANG,Jiming HAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第5期页码 631-649 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0673-x

摘要： Mercury, as a global pollutant, has significant impacts on the environment and human health. The current state of atmospheric mercury emissions, pollution and control in China is comprehensively reviewed in this paper. With about 500–800 t of anthropogenic mercury emissions, China contributes 25%–40% to the global mercury emissions. The dominant mercury emission sources in China are coal combustion, non-ferrous metal smelting, cement production and iron and steel production. The mercury emissions from natural sources in China are equivalent to the anthropogenic mercury emissions. The atmospheric mercury concentration in China is about 2–10 times the background level of North Hemisphere. The mercury deposition fluxes in remote areas in China are usually in the range of 10–50 μg∙m ∙yr . To reduce mercury emissions, legislations have been enacted for power plants, non-ferrous metal smelters and waste incinerators. Currently mercury contented in the flue gas is mainly removed through existing air pollution control devices for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particles. Dedicated mercury control technologies are required in the future to further mitigate the mercury emissions in China.

关键词： atmospheric mercury emissions pollution control China

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中国干旱地区未来大气降水变化趋势分析

高庆先,徐影,任阵海

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第6期页码 36-43

摘要：

对我国的历史气候资料进行了分析，特别对我国华北地区的大气降水的时空分布进行了详细分析，在联合国政府间气候变化协调委员会（IPCC）推荐的若干个全球气候变化模式中选择了5个比较公认的模式，对我国未来（2030年）大气降水的变化趋势进行了初步分析，并总结了5个模型预测结果，对未来我国北方地区大气降水是否能缓解北方干旱给出了初步的判断。

关键词：大气降水气候变化气候模式水资源

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中国极地大气科学观测工程

陆龙骅,卞林根

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第9期页码 72-84

摘要：

极地位于地球南北两端，是全球变化研究的关键地区，要了解全球变化，特别是全球气候变化，必须对极地有所研究。我国的南极和北极实地科学考察研究，分别始于20世纪80年代和90年代。作为国家行为，到2011年年底，组织了28次南极考察、4次北冰洋考察和8次北极陆地考察；在南北极建立了4个科学考察站，6个自动气象站；形成了以有人考察站、无人自动气象站和“雪龙”号破冰科学考察船为主体的极地科学考察研究硬件支撑体系。在此过程中初步建成了包括常规气象业务、准业务和短期考察在内的中国极地大气科学观测工程体系；该技术系统所获科学数据已在我国极地科学研究中广泛应用，并在国内外产生了重大影响。

关键词：南极北极大气科学观测工程

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Variation characteristics of atmospheric methane and carbon dioxide in summertime at a coastal site in

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第11期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1574-z

摘要：

● Diurnal patterns of CH₄ and CO₂ are clearly extracted using EEMD.

关键词： Methane Carbon dioxide Diurnal pattern Ensemble empirical mode decomposition South China Sea Sea breeze

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Thermodynamic analysis of steam reforming of glycerol for hydrogen production at atmospheric pressure

Ammaru Ismaila, Xueli Chen, Xin Gao, Xiaolei Fan

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第1期页码 60-71 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1975-0

摘要： Thermodynamic chemical equilibrium analysis of steam reforming of glycerol (SRG) for selective hydrogen production was performed based on the Gibbs free energy minimisation method. The ideal SRG reaction (C H O +3H O→3CO +7H ) and a comprehensive set of side reactions during SRG are considered for the formation of a wide range of products. Specifically, this work focused on the analysis of formation of H CO , CO and CH in the gas phase and determination of the carbon free region in SRG under the conditions at atmospheric pressure, 600K–1100K and 1.013 × 10 –1.013 × 10 Pa with the steam-to-glycerol feed ratios (SGFR) of 1:5–10. The reaction conditions which favoured SRG for H production with minimum coke formation were identifies as: atmospheric pressure, temperatures of 900K–1050K and SGFR of 10:1. The influence of using the inert carrier gas (i.e., N ) in SRG was studied as well at atmospheric pressure. Although the presence of N in the stream decreased the partial pressure of reactants, it was beneficial to improve the equilibrium yield of H . Under both conditions of SRG (with/without inert gas), the CH production is minimised, and carbon formation was thermodynamically unfavoured at steam rich conditions of SGFR>5:1.

关键词： steam reforming of glycerol H₂ N₂ carbon deposition thermodynamic analysis Gibbs free energy minimisation

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Temporal evolution of charged and neutral nanoparticle concentrations during atmospheric new particle

E. Rohan Jayaratne, Buddhi Pushpawela, Lidia Morawska

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0862-x

摘要： Over 100 new particle formation events were studied. In 50 events, charged and neutral particles were not formed at the same time. In 42 of these events the charged particles formed before the neutral particles. Their subsequent growth rates were not determined by the particle charge. The result suggests that ion induced nucleation plays a role in particle formation. Time series of nanoparticle number concentration during new particle formation (NPF) events in the urban environment of Brisbane, Australia, showed that the formation of charged particles often occurred before that of neutral particles. We monitored 241 days during the calendar year 2012 over which NPF events were observed on 108 days. We studied the times at which the charged and neutral particle concentrations in the size range 1.8–3.2 nm reached their peak values and found that they were clearly different in 50 events with the peak neutral particle concentration lagging behind the charged particle concentration during 42 of these events with a mean time lag of 24±12 min. While the charged particles were more likely to form before the neutral particles, once formed, the growth rate of the particles did not depend on their charge. While ion-induced nucleation is not the dominant mechanism of NPF in the atmosphere, our observations suggest that the presence of ions in the atmosphere plays a role that cannot be ignored.

关键词： Charged particles Cluster ions Secondary particles Environmental pollution

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Genomic and metabolomic analysis of with enhanced poly--glutamic acid production through atmospheric

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第12期页码 1751-1760 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2211-x

摘要： Poly-γ-glutamic acid is an extracellular polymeric substance with various applications owing to its valuable properties of biodegradability, flocculating activity, water solubility, and nontoxicity. However, the ability of natural strains to produce poly-γ-glutamic acid is low. Atmospheric and room temperature plasma was applied in this study to conduct mutation breeding of Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC 2876, and a mutant strain M32 with an 11% increase in poly-γ-glutamic acid was obtained. Genome resequencing analysis identified 7 nonsynonymous mutations of ppsC encoding lipopeptide synthetase associated with poly-γ-glutamic acid metabolic pathways. From molecular docking, more binding sites and higher binding energy were speculated between the mutated plipastatin synthase subunit C and glutamate, which might contribute to the higher poly-γ-glutamic acid production. Moreover, the metabolic mechanism analysis revealed that the upregulated amino acids of M32 provided substrates for glutamate and promoted the conversion between L- and D-glutamate acids. In addition, the glycolytic pathway is enhanced, leading to a better capacity for using glucose. The maximum poly-γ-glutamic acid yield of 14.08 g·L^–1 was finally reached with 30 g·L^–1 glutamate.

关键词： ARTP mutagenesis Bacillus licheniformis poly-γ-glutamic acid metabolomics

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A 14-year measurement of toxic elements in atmospheric particulates in Hong Kong from 1995 to 2008

Wei NIE,Tao WANG,Aijun DING,Xuehua ZHOU,Wenxing WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第4期页码 553-560 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0523-2

摘要： Toxic elements in the atmosphere can enter and accumulate in the human body, seriously impacting human health. In this study, we analyzed a 14-year (1995–2008) measurement of three toxic elements (As, Cd and Cr) in PM in Hong Kong, China. The pollution of these toxic elements in Hong Kong was not serious. The trend analysis showed that As and Cr in PM increased at a statistically significant level ( <0.05) during the 14-year period, while the Cd in PM did not change significantly. Typical seasonal variations were observed for all three toxic elements, largely in relation to the Asian monsoon. Hourly 10-day backward trajectories were computed and categorised into four groups. The continental air masses showed much higher concentrations of the three toxic elements than the marine air masses. The abundances of As and Cd in the PM were much higher in the continental air masses than those in the marine air masses, while the abundances of Cr showed an opposite pattern. The trends of the three toxic elements in East China’s air mass were consistent with those in the overall data set of Hong Kong. Examination of the toxic element data recorded at urban sites and a roadside site also indicated a large contribution of external air masses to particulate As and Cd in Hong Kong. These results suggest that the long-range transport from the mainland of China is the dominant contributor to particulate As and Cd, while both local and long-distance sources determine the particulate Cr in Hong Kong.

关键词： toxic elements increasing trends seasonal variations air masses long-distance sources

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Impact of “ultra low emission” technology of coal-fired power on PM

Xiao LIU, Zhilin LIU, Weidong JIAO, Xuan LI, Jintai LIN, Anthony KU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第1期页码 235-239 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0518-y

摘要： In response to severe haze pollution, the Chinese government has announced a series of policies focusing on controlling emissions from coal consumption. “Ultra-low emission” (ULE) technologies have the potential to dramatically reduce emissions from coal-fired power plants, and have been deployed at some facilities in recent years. This paper estimated the potential environmental benefits of the widespread adoption of ULE in the Jing-Jin-Ji Region. Atmospheric modeling scenarios were analyzed for three cases: a “standard” scenario assuming no ULE deployment, a “best case” scenario assuming complete adoption of ULE across all power plants in the region, and a “natural gas” scenario, assuming emissions factors consistent with natural gas-fired power generation. The simulations show that the widespread adoption of ULE technologies can be an effective and economically competitive option for reducing the impacts of coal-fired power generation on air quality.

关键词： air quality atmospheric model coal Jing-Jin-Ji Region PM_2.5 ultra-low emissions

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大气科学的工程化建设

温克刚,李黄,李泽椿,陈新强

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第5期页码 72-76

摘要：

文章概述了大气科学的涵义及其对人类生存和发展的重要性，包括防灾减灾、气候资源的开发利用、生态环境的保护、水资源的可持续利用等。大气科学造福人类的途径是通过大气信息的开发利用，而必须按信息工程的特点进行工程化。简要回顾气象主要工程建设的基本情况及其应用效益，提出未来30年内的发展和大气科学工程建设的基本思路、需要建设的若干骨干工程：大气监测自动化系统工程、短期气候预测业务系统工程、卫星综合应用业务系统延伸工程、中尺度（局地）数值天气预报业务系统工程、人工影响天气系统工程、气象服务体系工程等，以及进行建设的若干主要措施。

关键词：大气科学工程化建设回顾构想